2 & 3) "Clave License Style" or "jumping the clave" - you have to play either the "2" or the "3" side twice in a row to keep in sync with the music. This category is divided into those clave changes which require the "2" side to be played twice and those which require the "3" side to be played twice, but this is sometimes subjective as there is usually no one actually marking the clave during the change. When it's obvious, we use "2:2 Clave License" to refer to a clave change where it's necessary to play the "2" side twice in a row and "3:3 Clave License" when the "3" side must be played twice. Here's an example of a 3:3 Clave License change. [audio example 31]

Notes on terminology: Juan Formell coined the phrase "clave license", but we made up the term "New York style clave change" to describe a very real phenomenon which definitely did not originate in New York! You've got to call it something and we just liked that term because NY arrangers like Marty Sheller have created so much great music for Ruben Blades, the Fania All-Stars, etc. using this technique. If you don't like the term, paste this article into your word processor and do a search and replace!